What is meant by civilization? - Civilization is a complex human society that may have some characteristics of cultural and technological development, right!! In the previous article, we had seen some such ancient civilizations and today we are going to see more such civilizations, so let's see.
The Mesopotamian Civilization (3500 BC–500 BC)
The Mesopotamian was an urban civilization located between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, this region is now part of the Republic of Iraq. There have been four famous civilizations in Mesopotamia - Sumeria, Babylon, Assyria, Caldria. Mesopotamian civilization was famous for its prosperity, urban life, vast and rich literature, mathematics and astronomy. The Mesopotamian economy was based mostly on trade and agriculture. Mesopotamian art was in the form of sculptures in art and clay, with some paintings. The sculptures usually depict animals, mythological creatures, gods and goddesses. During the Assyrian and Babylonian periods, statues took the form of colossal statues guarding royal palaces. Mesopotamian culture was closely associated with the worship of gods and goddesses.
 |
| Illustration of ancient city of Babylon, Mesopotamia Credit:- gettyimages.in |
 |
| Assyrian couple with traditional costumes from B.C. Credit:- gettyimages.in |
 |
| Art of Mesopotamia Credit:- gettyimages.in |
The Ancient Egyptian Civilization (3150 BC–30 BC)
Ancient Egypt was one of the world's oldest and longest-lasting civilizations. It was located in the northeastern part of Africa along the Nile River. In the beginning, different dynasties ruled Egypt, Then there are the three primary kingdoms that historians use to outline the periods of ancient Egypt. The three kingdoms were the old, middle and new kingdoms. The ancient Egyptians were very skilled in architecture, sculpture, writing and painting. The Egyptians built more than 100 pyramids. Among these, the Pyramid of Giza is famous all over the world. Similarly, the statue of the Sphinx near the Pyramid of Giza is a classic example of Egyptian sculpture. The Egyptian civilization adorned mankind with unprecedented knowledge and inventions. matrilineal family, knowledge of alphabet and paper and ink, methods of irrigation, construction of dams and canals, tax collection, construction of almanac, construction of pyramids, grand and huge temples. For centuries, the knowledge of preserving bodies in mummies by applying chemical coatings has been an important contribution of the Egyptians.
 |
Ancient Egyptians building a Pyramid Credit :- gettyimages.in |
 |
| The Sphinx near the Pyramid of Giza |
 |
| Sarcophagus Mummy Egypt |
The Chinese Civilization (1600 BC–1046 BC)
The ancient Chinese civilization developed in the valleys of the Wanzhou and Chang Jiang (Yangtze) rivers. Shang dynasty, Chau dynasty, Han dynasty, Sui dynasty, Tang dynasty, Shung dynasty were prominent among the dynasties of the rulers of China. The ancient society of China was divided into Mandarins, farmers, artisans, merchants and soldiers. Agriculture was the main occupation of the Chinese people. Salt, fish, loam, cotton and silk cloth were traded on a large scale from China. Chinese people traded various goods from ancient Babylon, Egypt and India. The Chinese people were worshipers of nature. They worshiped the sun, moon, earth, sky, rain. In China, the king was considered the son of God. The architecture, painting, sculpture and literature and writing art of Chinese civilizations were excellent. The Great Wall of China is a great example of this. Apart from this wall, the people of Chinese civilization had also built many grand palaces, temples and viharas of Buddhist religion, the pagoda temple is also world famous in the construction of that time. There was a lot of advancement of knowledge science in ancient Chinese civilization. Paper, printing press, ink, gunpowder, painting and compass were first invented in China.
 |
Illustration of Old Chinese peoples, after an ancient Chinese woodcut Credit:- Nastasic/gettyimages.in |
 |
Terracotta Warriors, Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China Credit:- Digital Vision/gettyimages.in |
 |
The Great Wall of China Credit:- yangna/gettyimages.in |
The Aztec Civilization (1300 AD–1521 AD)
The Aztec civilization was one of the most important and famous civilizations of the Americas. They arrived in central Mexico as immigrants during the Postclassic period and established their capital in Mexico City. Tenochtitlan is the name of the Aztec capital, which was founded in the year 1325 AD. The Aztec economy was based on three things: market exchange, tribute payments, and agricultural production. The Aztecs believed in many gods. The main ones were the Quetzalcoatl (winged snake), the Huitzilopochtli (the humming bird of the south) and the Tezcatlipoca (smoky mirror). Sometimes the Aztecs even offered human sacrifices to please their gods. The people of Aztec civilizations were excellent in science, astronomy, calendar, writing, architecture, painting and sculpture. the Aztecs had a very precise calendar of 365 days. They also had a religious calendar, which lasted 260 days. The Aztecs built many great religious buildings - notably the large Templo de Mayor complex in the center of Tenochtitlan. Between 1519 and 1521, the Spanish Conquistadors Hernan Cortes defeated the Aztecs and conquered their empire.
 |
| City of Tenochtitlan with the temple Teocalli in the lake Texcoco Credit:- Grafissimo/gettyimages.in |
 |
| Aztec calendar Stone of the Sun RapidEye/gettyimages.in |
 |
| Spanish Conquistador Hernan Cortes entering Tenochtitlan meeting Montezuma II Credit:- Grafissimo/gettyimages.in |
So, we got to learn a lot from these civilizations. However, in the ancient past, there is nothing that we cannot do today. At that time there were so many great people who had unparalleled determination, witness, courage and sacrifice who carried the mankind forward against all adversities and obstacles. Today we have to be like these great people for our future so that our future will be very bright and secure. I hope you have enjoyed knowing about some of the ancient civilizations of the world. We will learn about these civilizations in detail sometime in the future.
Be safe, be happy and always keep smiling!!!
Thank you so much!!!
Very informative bro
ReplyDeleteThank you ❤️👍
ReplyDelete